in answer to your initial question: yes, but not normally.
looking around, i didn't find any software to recover a raw filesystem for free
asqe: did you even look at the link you posted? it's not too helpful.
here's how i would recover your data were you to give me the device to fix.
1. quick format the drive. i'm assuming it's ntfs. If it's really old & ~ 20 GB, it may have been fat32
1.5 - do NOT put anything new on the drive
2. get recuva (free) - http://www.piriform.com/recuva
3. once installed, run the program: scan for all file types on the drive & deep scan
4. wait - this can take a very long time
5. save the files you want to recover to a DIFFERENT drive - if you save to the external drive, you can end up over-writing the data you are recovering
6. once you have all of the files you want, you can close the program & copy the files back over to the external hard drive
added..
additional details about the device & the error would be nice... i can provide troubleshooting & probable diagnosis if it fails..
- try rebooting the computer
- let the device power down, and try again
- check to ensure that the drive is running & has a good connection to the computer
could try a different cable & different computer
if it still won't work, it's possible that the interface or the drive is dead.
this can happen with flash memory, too. (happened to a usb drive of mine - had no warning, it just quit operating)
it is possible, if it's an interface failure, to recover the data.. get another external hard drive or hard drive enclosure for that drive size (5-1/4 or 3-1/2)
remove the drive from the one you have (you will have to disassemble it) and put it in the other enclosure & then try to access it from a computer
of course, it voids warranty, but you may be able to recover the data